A PATH ANALYSIS OF SELF- ESTEEM, JOB SATISFACTION, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND SELF- EFFICACY OF TEACHERS

MADELENE C. ALONZO

Abstract


This study examined the structural relationships among self-esteem, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy among teachers using a quantitative path analysis approach. The study aimed to determine the level of the variables, examine the relationships among them, and identify structural models that best represent their interactions. A descriptive–correlational research design with path modeling was employed. Data were collected from 201 teachers using a structured survey questionnaire adapted from established measures in previous educational studies. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural model evaluation were utilized to analyze the data. The findings revealed that teachers demonstrated high levels of self-esteem, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy. Professional self-worth emerged as the highest indicator of self-esteem, intrinsic satisfaction from teaching as the highest indicator of job satisfaction, affective commitment as the highest indicator of organizational commitment, and classroom management self-efficacy as the highest indicator of self-efficacy. Significant relationships were found among the variables, particularly between self-esteem and self-efficacy. Regression results further indicated that self-esteem, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment significantly predicted teachers’ emotional experiences at work. Structural model testing showed that the proposed models required refinement, as several models were overspecified or demonstrated poor model fit. These results suggest that teachers’ psychological beliefs and workplace experiences play an important role in shaping their professional confidence and engagement. The study highlights the importance of strengthening teacher support systems, promoting positive work environments, and enhancing professional development initiatives to sustain teacher motivation and effectiveness in educational institutions.

Keywords


self-esteem, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, self-efficacy, path analysis, teachers, Kidapawan City, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alamri, M. M. (2023). Transforming education through Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality education. United Nations Publications.

Alcantara, R. G., & Nuñez, J. P. (2022). Autonomy-supportive teaching and student engagement in blended learning environments: Evidence from Philippine public universities. Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Studies, 10(3), 144–159.

Azila-Gbettor, E. M. (2021). Predicting student engagement from self-efficacy and autonomous motivation. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1942638. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1942638

Bautista, L. A., & Mercado, E. P. (2021). Student self-efficacy and engagement as predictors of behavioral outcomes in technology-integrated instruction: A path analytic approach. Philippine Journal of Psychology and Education, 6(1), 22–35.

Briones, M. R. (2023). Characteristics of Filipino online learners: A survey of science-education tertiary students on online student engagement, self-regulated learning and online learning self-efficacy. Education Sciences, 13(11), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13111131

Cao, Y., & Yuan, X. (2024). The influence of academic resilience, autonomy support, and task value on learners’ behavioral engagement: A path modeling study. Learning Behavior Research, 19(1), 1–14.

Delgado, S. M., & Ruiz, P. A. (2023). Student self-efficacy, perceived competence, and classroom engagement in higher education: A cross-lagged SEM approach. International Review of Education Data Science, 4(2), 88–102.

EDCOM II. (2023). Miseducation: The failed system of Philippine education and the long road to fixing it. Second Congressional Commission on Education.

Embalsado, J. V. M., Balilu, B. C., Montoya, M. A. J. T., Chavez, R. L. C., Tulabut, O. A. P., Mangalus, R. S., De Ala, C. L. M., Gonzales, A. B., & De Leon, J. R. (2023). Role of work engagement, autonomy support, psychological capital, and economic factors to educator and staff well-being in the Philippines. Papers in Curriculum Research, 11(2), 1307.

Esguerra, J. B., & Manuel, K. D. (2022). Autonomy support and learner motivation as determinants of engagement among Filipino senior high school students. Philippine Social Science Review, 74(2), 89–108.

Fati, S. (2024). Teacher autonomy support, academic self-efficacy and student engagement in online learning. International Journal of Instruction, 17(1), 45–63.

Ferrer, M. A., & Santos, R. C. (2024). Perceived behavioral control, motivation, and student engagement: An SEM investigation in Philippine STEM classes. Journal of Educational Data and Measurement, 12(1), 56–73.

Fleming, K., & Park, J. (2022). Autonomy support, self-efficacy and student engagement in online higher education: A structural model. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 5(2), 45–60.

Gonzales, H. L., & Uy, M. C. (2023). Online learning engagement and self-efficacy among Filipino college learners during flexible learning transition: A structural model. Journal of Educational Innovations in Asia, 8(4), 220–238.

Hao, L., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Academic self-efficacy and learner engagement among first-year university students: Mediating role of perceived autonomy support. Journal of College Student Research, 15(3), 119–134.

Huang, L. (2023). Teacher support, academic self-efficacy, student engagement and academic achievement in emergency online learning during COVID-19: A structural equation modelling study. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090704

Isla, J. F., & Sibal, E. D. (2024). Student engagement, perceived autonomy, and behavioral intentions in higher education: A Philippine structural equation model. Journal of Learning and Motivation, 9(1), 33–49.

Ito, T. (2024). Providing and receiving autonomy support promotes self-efficacy and performance: A path model study of intellectual group activities. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101021

Jang, H. R., Basarkod, G., & Reeve, J. (2023). Longitudinal reciprocal effects of agentic engagement and teacher autonomy support. Self-Determination Theory Research Pre-Prints.

Kingsford-Smith, A. A. (2024). Perceived autonomy support as a predictor of academic buoyancy and academic self-efficacy in rural Australian secondary schools. Learning and Individual Differences, 101, 102262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102262

Lisady, F., Wong, F., & Sany, B. (2022). Student autonomy, self-efficacy, engagement and service quality on student satisfaction: A path analysis among accounting students in Indonesia. In A. K. Wardana (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1st UPY International Conference on Education and Social Science (UPINCESS 2022) (pp. 326–338). Atlantis Press.

Ma, Q. (2021). The role of teacher autonomy support on students’ resilience, engagement and achievement in higher education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 778581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.778581

Meng, Q. (2023). The influence of academic self-efficacy on university students’ academic achievement: The mediating role of academic engagement. Sustainability, 15(7), 5767. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075767

Miao, J., Zhang, Y., & colleagues. (2023). Teacher autonomy support influence on online learning engagement mediated by self-efficacy among Chinese undergraduate students. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231217737

Song, L., Zhan, Q., & Cao, L. (2024). Parent autonomy support and undergraduates’ academic engagement in online learning: The mediating role of self-regulation. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 37, Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-024-00330-1

United Nations. (2021). Transforming education through Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality education. United Nations Publications.

Xia, Q. (2025). How autonomy support sustains emotional engagement in college physical education: The chaining role of self-acceptance and academic self-efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060822

Yang, D., Chen, P., & Wang, H. (2022). Teachers’ autonomy support and student engagement: A systematic literature review of longitudinal studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 925955. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925955




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.65010/seairj.v7i2.249

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




For inquiries, comments and suggestions please e-mail us bcrpo@brokenshire.edu.ph